Attestation |
Date of proxeny |
Granting community |
Context(/s) of proxenos |
proxenos |
Honours |
IG IX 1² 1:17 |
b.262 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
- Leontidēs, son of Olympiodōros
|
proxenia (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:17 |
263 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Larisa (IACP no. 401); koinon of the Thessalians (Itonion) |
|
proxenia (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:17 |
b.262 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
koinon of the Macedonians/kingdom of Macedon |
|
proxenia (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:17 |
b.262 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Mytilene (IACP no. 798) |
|
proxenia (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:17 |
b.262 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Amphipolis (IACP no. 553) |
|
proxenia (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:17 |
b.262 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
proxenia (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:16 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1² 1:16 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (3); asylia (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); (other honours/comments: asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:16 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (1); asylia (2); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:15 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (4); hereditary grant (2); |
IG IX 1² 1:14 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Adana/Antiocheia on the Saros (IACP p.1213) |
|
proxenia (2); asylia (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Phaloria (IACP no. 411); koinon of the Thessalians (Itonion) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Gergis (IACP no. 777) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Knidos (IACP no. 903) |
- Philiskos, son of Kleitomachos
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Phigaleia (IACP no. 292) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Glauke (IACP p. 1059) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Megalopolis (IACP no. 282) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Megalopolis (IACP no. 282) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Histiaia/Oreos (IACP no. 372) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Histiaia/Oreos (IACP no. 372) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Dyme (IACP no. 234) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:13 |
c.271/0 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1² 1:12 |
c.271 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Boura (IACP no. 233); koinon of the Achaians |
|
proxenia (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:12 |
c.271 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Aigion (IACP no. 231); koinon of the Achaians |
|
proxenia (1); asylia (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:12 |
c.273 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
- Thrasydamos, son of Hagēs[-]
|
proxenia (3); enktesis (2); |
IG IX 1² 1:11 |
c.245 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
koinon of the Phokians (IACP p.399-402;Phokikon) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (2); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:11 |
c.245 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (2); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1² 1:11 |
c.273 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Plataia (IACP no. 216) |
|
proxenia (1); enktesis (2); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia; asphaleia); |
IG IX 1² 1:11 |
c.273 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (2); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1² 1:11 |
c.273 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Ambrakia (IACP no. 113) |
- Di[kakr]a[tēs], son of Satyros
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1² 1:11 |
c.273 BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
Corinth (IACP no. 227) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (2); (other honours/comments: [isopolit]eia); |
IG IX 1² 1:10 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (2); enktesis (2); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1² 1:10 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (2); enktesis (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1² 1:10 |
f.iii BC |
koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) |
|
|
proxenia (2); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1 99 |
s.iii BC |
koinon of the Phokians (IACP p.399-402;Phokikon) |
Larisa (IACP no. 401) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); |
IG IX 1 33 |
s.iii BC |
Daulis (IACP no. 176) |
Tylisos (IACP no. 992) |
|
proxenia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); epinomia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: asphaleia); |
IG IX 1 314 |
iii/ii BC |
Skarpheia (IACP no. 387) |
Thebai Pthiotis (IACP no. 444) |
|
proxenia (3); proedria (2); hereditary grant (2); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1 3 |
ii BC |
Antikyra (IACP no. 173) |
|
|
proxenia (2); ateleia (1); asylia (3); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1 223 |
ii BC |
Teithronion (IACP no. 194) |
|
|
proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1 222 |
ii BC |
Teithronion (IACP no. 194) |
Alope (IACP no. 378) |
|
proxenia (1); praise (1); ateleia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); epinomia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: asphaleia); |
IG IX 1 2 |
ii BC |
Antikyra (IACP no. 173) |
|
|
proxenia (3); asylia (1); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1 11 |
ii/i BC |
Ambryssos (IACP no. 171) |
Rome |
|
proxenia (2); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (2); all else given to proxenoi (2); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1 108 |
unknown |
Elateia (IACP no. 180) |
|
|
proxenia (3); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1 106 |
unknown |
Elateia (IACP no. 180) |
|
|
proxenia (3); ateleia (1); all else given to proxenoi (3); |
IG IX 1 105 |
unknown |
Elateia (IACP no. 180) |
|
|
proxenia (2); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1 104 |
s.ii BC |
Elateia (IACP no. 180) |
|
|
proxenia (1); politeia (3); ateleia (1); proedria (1); epinomia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1 103 |
s.ii BC |
Elateia (IACP no. 180) |
Thespiai (IACP no. 222) |
|
proxenia (3); praise (1); asylia (2); all else given to proxenoi (2); |
IG IX 1 102 |
c.225-200 BC |
Elateia (IACP no. 180) |
Oitaian ethnos (IACP p.685-6; Mt. Oita); Oitaian ethnos (IACP p.685-6; Mt. Oita) |
|
proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1 101 |
s.iii BC |
koinon of the Phokians (IACP p.399-402;Phokikon) |
Tylisos (IACP no. 992) |
|
proxenia (2); praise (2); publication clause (1); |
IG IX 1 100 |
m.iii BC |
Elateia (IACP no. 180) |
Oropos (IACP no. 214); koinon of the Boiotians (sanctuary of Athena Itonia) |
|
proxenia (1); ateleia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG IX 1 10 |
s.ii BC |
Ambryssos (IACP no. 171) |
Oianthea (IACP no. 166) |
|
proxenia (1); enktesis (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isopoliteia); |
IG IX 1 1 |
ii BC |
Antikyra (IACP no. 173) |
Ambryssos (IACP no. 171) |
|
proxenia (1); enktesis (2); asylia (2); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (2); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: asphaleia; isopoliteia); |
IG IV² 1 58 |
iv/iii BC |
Epidauros (IACP no. 348) |
Ainos (IACP no. 641) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); |
IG IV 853 |
f.i AD |
Methana (IACP no. 352) |
Corinth (IACP no. 227) |
- Leukos Likinnios, son of Anterōs
|
proxenia (1); praise (1); enktesis (1); epinomia (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: A subsequent honorary decree exists, but is very fragmentary); |
IG IV 756 |
iii/ii BC |
Troizen (IACP no. 357) |
Polyrhen (IACP no. 983) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (1); enktesis (2); asylia (2); hereditary grant (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: asphaleia; specifically honoured for their involvement in the Rhodian war against the Cretans); |
IG IV 751 |
?iii BC |
Troizen (IACP no. 357) |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
proxenia (1); praise (3); |
IG IV 559 |
unknown |
Argos (IACP no. 347) |
unknown |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG II³ 966 (=IG II² 582) |
286-262 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (3); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); |
IG II³ 932 (= IG II² 723) |
285-280? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (1); crown (2); enktesis (3); |
IG II³ 864 (= IG II² 651) |
286/5 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Nasos (IACP no. 823) |
|
proxenia (1); praise (1); crown (2); enktesis (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: probable reference to corn supply); |
IG II³ 864 (= IG II² 651) |
286/5 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); praise (1); crown (2); enktesis (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: probable reference to corn supply); |
IG II³ 848 (=IG II² 722) |
301-295 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (3); crown (2); enktesis (1); publication clause (1); proxenia (1); euergesia (2); praise (1); crown (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); |
IG II³ 847 (= Agora 16 164) |
301-295 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Alexandria |
|
|
IG II³ 516 (= IG II² 579) |
s.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (3); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); |
IG II³ 515 (= IG II² 581) |
s.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (2); crown (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); |
IG II³ 497 (= IG II² 406) |
m.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Kroton (IACP no. 56) |
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (1); (other honours/comments: relief depicting Athena with shield and winged nike, left, snake, centre, and male divinity with a staff, right, perhaps demos or Asklepios (Lawton no.132)); |
IG II³ 496 (=IG II² 416a) |
m.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); (other honours/comments: large space (at least 24cm) left beneath heading, perhaps to accommodate a painted image); |
IG II³ 495 |
m.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Akragas (IACP no. 9) |
|
(other honours/comments: parasemon relief (crab of Akragas)); |
IG II³ 493 (=IG II² 288) |
m.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); xenia (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG II³ 492 (= IG II ² 290) |
m.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (2); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); xenia (1); |
IG II³ 483 (=IG II² 419) |
c.325-300 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Herakleia Pontike (IACP no. 715) |
|
proxenia (1); (other honours/comments: relief depicting Herakles and (probably) Athena (Lawton no. 158)); |
IG II³ 479 (=IG II² 422) |
a. 325? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Histiaia/Oreos (IACP no. 372) |
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (2); praise (1); crown (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); (other honours/comments: crown of leaves); |
IG II³ 478 (= IG II ² 184) |
s.iv BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (3); enktesis (1); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); |
IG II³ 475 (= IG II² 425) |
c.329-322? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); crown (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); (other honours/comments: gold crown); |
IG II³ 474 (= IG II ² 564) |
c.329-322 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Priene (IACP no. 861) |
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (1); praise (3); crown (1); enktesis (1); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); xenia (1); (other honours/comments: gold crown restored (two crowns sculpted below the relief); entrusted to care of the Athenian demos and boule on Samosand the benerals sent from Athens); |
IG II³ 468 |
c.332? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Tyre; Carthage |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (1); crown (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (2); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: gold crown; specific services in relation to grain supply mentioned, including, probably, providing grain from Carthage more cheaply than from Italy (so Matthaiou, reported in IG)); |
IG II³ 435 |
c.337-324 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (2); crown (1); enktesis (1); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); xenia (1); (other honours/comments: two crowns, circling the words demos and boule, depicted below the decree); |
IG II³ 434 |
c.337-324 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Pydna (IACP no. 544) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); |
IG II³ 432 |
337-322 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Akragas (IACP no. 9) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (1); enktesis (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); xenia (1); (other honours/comments: Sōpatros is specifically praised for doing his best to ensure the plentiful provision of corn at Athens); |
IG II³ 426 |
c.340-320? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (3); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); |
IG II³ 420 (= IG II ² 357) |
c. 340-320 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Eretria (IACP no. 370) |
|
proxenia (1); |
IG II³ 406 |
c. 340-325 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (1); hereditary grant (4); |
IG II³ 405 |
c. 340-325 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Phaselis (IACP no. 942) |
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (1); praise (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); |
IG II³ 403 (= IG II ² 235) |
c.345-320 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Byzantion (IACP no. 674) |
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); (other honours/comments: reference to Apelles' services for Athenian generals); |
IG II³ 398 (=IG II² 149) |
a.348? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Histiaia/Oreos (IACP no. 372); koinon of the Euboians (Amarynthos) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (2); praise (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); |
IG II³ 392 |
c.350-335? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); hereditary grant (2); publication clause (1); |
IG II³ 390 (=IG II² 284) |
c.350-340 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Methymna (IACP no. 797) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: decree mentions the services of Kleomis in ransoming Athenians captured by pirates); |
IG II³ 383 |
322/1 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); |
IG II³ 379 |
323/2? BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Sidon |
- Apollōnidēs, son of Dēmētrios
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (1); crown (1); enktesis (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); (other honours/comments: gold crown; the motivation clause is explicitly based on the report of 'merchants and shipowners' of Apollōnidēs); |
IG II³ 375 (=IG II² 365) |
323/2 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Kleonai (IACP no. 351) |
|
proxenia (1); (other honours/comments: Lapuris, already a proxenos, is granted deipnon at the Prytaneion (suggesting he was already also a citizen), and for the decree to be inscribed on the acropolis on the decree in which the proxenia for Echembrotos, Lapuris' ancestor, was inscribed); |
IG II³ 367 (=IG II² 360) |
325/4 |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Salamis (IACP no. 1020) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: gold crown; isoteleia (including military service in Athenian units); Herakleides' gifts of grain and contribution at an epidosis); |
IG II³ 347 (= IG II ² 347) |
332/1 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Andros (IACP no. 475) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (2); praise (1); crown (1); hereditary grant (3); publication clause (1); (other honours/comments: ivy crown; praise (unusually but, in the case of a comic poet, approriately) for dikaiosune; possibly unusual stereotypical description in motivation formula); |
IG II³ 344 |
332/1 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (2); praise (3); crown (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); (other honours/comments: golden crown); |
IG II³ 343 (= IG II ² 368) |
332/1 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); (other honours/comments: This stele bears a subsequent decree dating to 323/2 BC, presumably granting additional honours to Theophantos.); |
IG II³ 342 (= IG II ² 344) |
c.333/2? |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
|
|
proxenia (2); euergesia (1); praise (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); |
IG II³ 340 (= IG II² 339a) |
333/2 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Chios (IACP no. 840) |
|
proxenia (1); (other honours/comments: Document relief, see notes (Lawton, no. 42)); |
IG II³ 324 |
a.337/6 |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Amphilochian Argos (IACP no. 115); koinon of the Akarnanians (Aktion) |
doctor
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); |
IG II³ 322 (=IG II² 240) |
337/6 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
koinon of the Macedonians/kingdom of Macedon |
- [-]ios, son of Andromenēs
royal friend
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); xenia (1); (other honours/comments: References to services performed by honorand for Athenians at the court of Philip II); |
IG II³ 317 (=IG II² 238) |
338/7 BC |
Athens (IACP no. 361) |
Andros (IACP no. 475) |
|
proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (1); crown (1); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); xenia (1); |