You have searched for:

100 found
  1. Mapped
  2. List
  3. Export as csv
proxenoi of this community attested proxenoi of this community attested
proxenoi attested at this community proxenoi attested at this community
Attestation Date of proxeny Granting community Context(/s) of proxenos proxenos Honours
Perlman, City and Sanctuary, E.3 c.260-240 BC  Epidauros (IACP no. 348) Kyme (IACP no. 817) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); theorodokia (1);
IG XII 3 1299/1300 ii/i BC  Thera (IACP no. 527) Kydonia (IACP no. 968)
    		proxenia (1);
    IG XII Suppl. 304 s.iii BC  Tenos (IACP no. 525) Kydonia (IACP no. 968) proxenia (2); euergesia (1); crown (1); hereditary grant (2); (other honours/comments: public announcement of crown);
    Fouilles de Delphes III.1:439 m.iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Kydonia (IACP no. 968) proxenia (1); theorodokia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
    IG II³ 1137 (=IG II² 844) b.228/7  Athens (IACP no. 361) Kydonia (IACP no. 968) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); (other honours/comments: status of Eumaridas as proxenos and euergetes attested in renewal for son; the honorific decree for Eumaridas reproduced make no reference to this status but grant, for substantial services in ransoming captured Athenians and preventing an occurrence, extraordinary honours including a gilt statue );
    IG II³ 1137 (=IG II² 844) b.228/7  Athens (IACP no. 361) Kydonia (IACP no. 968)
    IG II³ 1137 (=IG II² 844) 193/2 BC  Athens (IACP no. 361) Kydonia (IACP no. 968) proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); xenia (1);
    Perlman, City and Sanctuary, E.3 c.260-240 BC  Epidauros (IACP no. 348) Kydonia (IACP no. 968) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); theorodokia (1);
    IG II² 3882 f.i BC  Athens (IACP no. 361) Kydonia (IACP no. 968) proxenia (1);
    FD III 4 132-5 208 BC  Lilaia (IACP no. 185) Kydonia (IACP no. 968) military commander/mercenary proxenia (1); euergesia (1); politeia (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: a mass grant of proxeny to mercenaries who had been sent for the defence of Lilaia by king Attalos of Pergamon, 211-208 BC );
    IG XII Suppl. 313 s.iii BC  Tenos (IACP no. 525) Kroton (IACP no. 56)
    • [-]ōn, son of Aristote[lēs]
    • --, son of [-]lachos
    • Timocha[rēs]
    		 proxenia (2);
    IG II³ 497 (= IG II² 406) m.iv BC  Athens (IACP no. 361) Kroton (IACP no. 56)
      		proxenia (2); euergesia (1); (other honours/comments: relief depicting Athena with shield and winged nike, left, snake, centre, and male divinity with a staff, right, perhaps demos or Asklepios (Lawton no.132));
      SEG 53 796 349-311 BC  Pantikapaion/Bosporos, kingdom of (IACP no. 705) Kromna (IACP no. 723) proxenia (1); ateleia (1);
      IG IX 2 6e s.ii BC  koinon of the Ainianes (point: near Hypata) Krannon (IACP no. 400)
      • Pe[tra]ios, son of Polystrotos
      • --, son of Phēmiomachos
      		 proxenia (1);
      BCH 23 (1899), p.490 iv BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Krannon (IACP no. 400); koinon of the Thessalians (Itonion) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); hereditary grant (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
      IG IX 1² 5:1909 iii/ii BC  Opous (IACP no. 261) Kranioi (IACP no. 125) proxenia (1); politeia (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isoteleia; [asphaleia]);
      Fouilles de Delphes III.3:204 m.ii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Kranioi (IACP no. 125) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
      IG IX 1² 5:1908 iii BC  Opous (IACP no. 261) Kranioi (IACP no. 125)
        		proxenia (1); politeia (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isoteleia);
        SGDI 2598 m.iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Kottaeis proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
        I.Oropos 104 s.iii BC  Oropos (IACP no. 214) Kos (IACP no. 497)
        • [--], son of [Askl]ēpiadēs
        		 proxenia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (2); hereditary grant (2); stereotypical proxenos description (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isoteleia);
        I.Oropos 117 s.iii BC  Oropos (IACP no. 214) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isoteleia; asphaleia);
        I.Oropos 146 s.iii BC  Oropos (IACP no. 214) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isoteleia; asphaleia);
        IG XII 3 168 + Peek I.DorIns 97 c.150 BC  Astypalaia (IACP no. 476) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1);
        IG XII 3 1299/1300 ii/i BC  Thera (IACP no. 527) Kos (IACP no. 497)
          		proxenia (1);
          IG XII 3 1299/1300 ii/i BC  Thera (IACP no. 527) Kos (IACP no. 497)
          • --, son of [-]ichos
          		 proxenia (1);
          IG XII 3 1299/1300 ii/i BC  Thera (IACP no. 527) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1);
          IG XII 4 135 c. 280 BC  Naxos (IACP no. 507) Kos (IACP no. 497) foreign judge proxenia (1); euergesia (1); praise (2); crown (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1);
          IG XII Suppl. 304 s.iii BC  Tenos (IACP no. 525) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (2); euergesia (1); crown (1); hereditary grant (2); (other honours/comments: public announcement of crown);
          IG XII 6 18 iv/iii BC  Samos (IACP no. 864) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); politeia (1); praise (1); asylia (1); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); (other honours/comments: politeia including drawing lots for phyle);
          IG XII 6 29 a.306 BC  Samos (IACP no. 864) Kos (IACP no. 497) royal friend proxenia (2); euergesia (1); politeia (1); praise (3); eisodos (2); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); (other honours/comments: politeia with selection of phyle and other divisions by lot);
          IG XII 4 129-130 b. 301 BC  Samos (IACP no. 864) Kos (IACP no. 497) royal friend proxenia (3); euergesia (3); politeia (1); praise (3); publication clause (2);
          IG XII 6 150 iv/iii BC  Samos (IACP no. 864) Kos (IACP no. 497)
            foreign judge             		proxenia (1); politeia (1); crown (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); eisodos (1); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); (other honours/comments: proclamation of crown; ateleia if honorands settle on Samos; presbeutes to take decree to Kos and announce timai awarded);
            Milet VI 3 1065 s.iv BC  Miletos (IACP no. 854) Kos (IACP no. 497)
            • Dexippos, son of Mnēsimachos
            		 proxenia (1); politeia (1); ateleia (1); enktesis (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); (other honours/comments: ateleia of all things of which the polis is kurios);
            Milet VI 3 1066 f.ii BC  Miletos (IACP no. 854) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1);
            I.Iasos 51 s.ii BC  Iasos (IACP no. 891) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); politeia (1); praise (1); crown (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); (other honours/comments: politeia with choice of phyle; copy of decree to be sent to Kos);
            Milet I 3 119b s.ii BC  Miletos (IACP no. 854) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1);
            Milet I 3 184 s.ii BC  Miletos (IACP no. 854) Kos (IACP no. 497) doctor proxenia (1);
            Fouilles de Delphes III.1:127 f.iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
            Syll.³ 585 194/3 BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1);
            Dimitrova, Theoroi and Initiates, no. 5.2 c.150 BC  Samothrake (IACP no. 515) Kos (IACP no. 497) theoros/religious delegate proxenia (2);
            Dimitrova, Theoroi and Initiates, no. 4 ii/i BC  Samothrake (IACP no. 515) Kos (IACP no. 497) theoros/religious delegate proxenia (1);
            Dimitrova, Theoroi and Initiates, no. 6.2 ii BC  Samothrake (IACP no. 515) Kos (IACP no. 497) theoros/religious delegate proxenia (1);
            Dimitrova, Theoroi and Initiates, no. 11 ii BC  Samothrake (IACP no. 515) Kos (IACP no. 497)
            • Anthippos, son of Timoxenos
            • Phrasidēs, son of Lykourgos
            theoros/religious delegate             		proxenia (2);
            IG XII 4 129-130 b. 301 BC  unknown Kos (IACP no. 497) royal friend proxenia (1); praise (1); crown (1);
            IG XII 4 129-130 b. 301 BC  Gryneion/Gryneia (IACP no. 809) Kos (IACP no. 497) royal friend proxenia (1); politeia (1); crown (1); ateleia (4); enktesis (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1);
            IG XII 4 129-130 b. 301 BC  unknown Kos (IACP no. 497) royal friend proxenia (1);
            IG XII 4 129-130 b. 301 BC  unknown Kos (IACP no. 497) royal friend proxenia (1); euergesia (1); asylia (1);
            IG XII 4 131 e. iv BC  Samos (IACP no. 864) Kos (IACP no. 497) foreign judge proxenia (1); euergesia (1); politeia (1); praise (1); crown (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); eisodos (1); publication clause (1); epimeleia (1); (other honours/comments: publication ordered on two stelai, on set up in the sanctuary of queen Phila);
            IG XII 4 138 a. 241 BC  Samos (IACP no. 864) Kos (IACP no. 497) doctor proxenia (1); praise (1); crown (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: gold cr.; description both of medical services performed by Philistos to citizens visiting Kos as well as more generic proxenos services);
            IG XII 4 145 s. iii BC  Delos (IACP no. 478) Kos (IACP no. 497)
            • [L]ysistratos
            		 proxenia (1); euergesia (1); eisodos (1); publication clause (2);
            IG XII 4 148 s. iii BC  Samothrake (IACP no. 515) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); (other honours/comments: honours here those granted to Praximenes' brothers granted proxeny in this decree; different honours granted to Praximenes (and his descendants) who were already proxenoi - including politeia, ateleia (on goods for his own consumption), a gold crown);
            IG XII 4 159 c. 200 BC  Syangela/Theangela (IACP no. 931) Kos (IACP no. 497)
              doctor               		proxenia (1); euergesia (2); politeia (1); crown (1); publication clause (1);
              IG XII 4 171 s. ii BC  Aptara (IACP no. 947) Kos (IACP no. 497) doctor proxenia (2); euergesia (1); praise (1); crown (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: gold cr.; specific description of services performed as public doctor sent for by the Aptarans);
              IG XII 4 172 s. ii BC  Iasos (IACP no. 891) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); politeia (1); praise (1); crown (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); (other honours/comments: gold cr.);
              IG XII 4 178 s. ii BC  Bargylia (IACP no. 879) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (3); politeia (2); crown (1); hereditary grant (2); stereotypical proxenos description (1);
              I.Sinope 5 iv BC  Sinope (IACP no. 729) Kos (IACP no. 497)
              • Kallipidas, son of Emmenidas
              		 proxenia (2); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (4); stereotypical proxenos description (1);
              I.Labraunda 42 s. iv BC  Plataseis Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); politeia (1); ateleia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1);
              Perlman, City and Sanctuary, E.3 c.260-240 BC  Epidauros (IACP no. 348) Kos (IACP no. 497) proxenia (1);
              SEG 57 510 no.III c.140-130 BC  Larisa (IACP no. 401) Kos (IACP no. 497)
              • Aischylos, son of Adokeitos
              • Kallipidas, son of Kallipidas
              		 proxenia (1); politeia (1); praise (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); specific description of services (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: (isopoliteia); SEG 57 510 no II (decree for an Athenian philosopher), inscribed on the same monument as no.III (a decree granting proxeny to three Koans) and no. IV (a Molossian decree for foreign judges from Larisa);
              ID 1517 c.154 BC  Cretan koinon [PLACEMARKER] Kos (IACP no. 497) military commander/mercenary proxenia (1);
              Syll.³ 519 iii/ii BC  koinon of the Achaians Koroneia (IACP no. 210) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); all else given to proxenoi (1);
              IG IX 1² 1:29 210/9 BC  koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) Koroneia (IACP no. 210) proxenia (1);
              IG IX 1² 1:31 c.223/2 BC  koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) Koroneia (IACP no. 210)
                		proxenia (1);
                IG IX 1² 1:31 c.223/2 BC  koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) Koroneia (IACP no. 210) proxenia (1);
                SEG 25 598 ii BC  Hyampolis (IACP no. 182) Koroneia (IACP no. 210)
                  		proxenia (1); enktesis (1); all else given to proxenoi (1);
                  Fouilles de Delphes III.3:102 iv/iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Koroneia (IACP no. 210); koinon of the Boiotians (sanctuary of Athena Itonia) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                  Fouilles de Delphes III.3:95 iv/iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Koroneia (IACP no. 210); koinon of the Boiotians (sanctuary of Athena Itonia) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                  Fouilles de Delphes III.3:96 iv/iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Koroneia (IACP no. 210); koinon of the Boiotians (sanctuary of Athena Itonia)
                  • Arche[-], son of [-]kritos
                  		 proxenia (1); ateleia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                  SEG 13 361 f.i BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Koroneia (IACP no. 210) proxenia (1); praise (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                  Syll.³ 585 182/1 BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Koroneia (IACP no. 210) proxenia (1);
                  Syll.³ 585 178/7 BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Koroneia (IACP no. 210) proxenia (1);
                  Fouilles de Delphes III.4:17 iii/ii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Koroneia (IACP no. 210); koinon of the Boiotians (sanctuary of Athena Itonia)
                    		proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (2); hereditary grant (2); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                    I.Oropos 155 s.iii BC  Oropos (IACP no. 214) Korkyra (IACP no. 123) proxenia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: isoteleia; asphaleia);
                    IG IX 1² 2:209b m.ii BC  koinon of the Akarnanians (Aktion) Korkyra (IACP no. 123) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); ateleia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: enteleia; asphaleia);
                    IG IX 1² 1:31 214/3 BC  koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) Korkyra (IACP no. 123) proxenia (1); hereditary grant (1);
                    IG IX 2 5b s.ii BC  koinon of the Ainianes (point: near Hypata) Korkyra (IACP no. 123) proxenia (1); politeia (1); enktesis (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: asphaleia);
                    I.Bouthrotos 10 a.163 BC  koinon of the Prassaibioi (Bouthroton) Korkyra (IACP no. 123) proxenia (2); euergesia (2); ateleia (1); enktesis (1); all else given to proxenoi (1);
                    Fouilles de Delphes III.4:406 iv/iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Korkyra (IACP no. 123) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                    SEG 63 74 373/2 BC?  Athens (IACP no. 361) Korkyra (IACP no. 123)
                      		proxenia (1); (other honours/comments: Reference in the motivation clause of an Athenian decree to pre-existing proxenoi coming from their own community (probably Korkyra) and a letter - perhaps to make an appeal for Athenian aid when the Spartans were besieging Korkyra (Matthaiou).);
                      SEG 54 579ter c.250 BC  Chaones (unlocated, Epirus) Korkyra (IACP no. 123) proxenia (1);
                      McCabe Chios 51 iv/iii BC  Chios (IACP no. 840) Koresia (IACP no. 493) proxenia (1);
                      I.Mylasa 911 iv BC  Chalketor (IACP no. 881) Koranza
                      • Epa[-]
                      		 proxenia (2); politeia (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1);
                      IG VII 2708 m.ii BC  Akraiphia/Akraiphnion (IACP no. 198) Kopai (IACP no. 209) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); hereditary grant (2); all else given to proxenoi (1);
                      Gonnoi 3 f.iii BC  Gonnos/Gonnoi (IACP no. 463) Kondaia (IACP no. 399) proxenia (1);
                      Gonnoi 34 f.ii BC  Gonnos/Gonnoi (IACP no. 463) Kondaia (IACP no. 399) proxenia (1); enktesis (1); asylia (1); epinomia (1); hereditary grant (1); (other honours/comments: 'to be' a Gonnaian, like the other Gonnaians; asphaleia; isopoliteia);
                      IG I³ 65 s.v BC  Athens (IACP no. 361) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) proxenia (3); euergesia (1); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); (other honours/comments: protection from judicial punishments not agreed by Athens );
                      IG XI 4 699 iii/ii BC  Delos (IACP no. 478) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) proxenia (1); euergesia (1); enktesis (1); eisodos (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); all else given to proxenoi (1);
                      Milet I 3 107 f.i BC  Miletos (IACP no. 854) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) proxenia (1);
                      Fouilles de Delphes III.2:75 s.iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) poet/actor proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                      SGDI 2653 (Syll.³ 452) m.iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) poet/actor proxenia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                      IG II³ 1141 (=IG II² 835) after 229/8 BC  Athens (IACP no. 361) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) proxenia (1); praise (1); crown (1); enktesis (1); hereditary grant (1); publication clause (1); stereotypical proxenos description (1); specific description of services (1); (other honours/comments: foliage crown; value limits on enktesis (house, 3000 dr.; land, 2 tal.); references to specific services in relation to the purchase of Athenian freedom and harbour works);
                      Dimitrova, Theoroi and Initiates, no. 2 ii/i BC  Samothrake (IACP no. 515) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) theoros/religious delegate proxenia (2);
                      Dimitrova, Theoroi and Initiates, no. 10 ii/i BC  Samothrake (IACP no. 515) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) theoros/religious delegate proxenia (2);
                      FD III 4 132-5 208 BC  Lilaia (IACP no. 185) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) military commander/mercenary proxenia (1); euergesia (1); politeia (1); asylia (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: a mass grant of proxeny to mercenaries who had been sent for the defence of Lilaia by king Attalos of Pergamon, 211-208 BC );
                      SEG 49 1503 c.250-219 BC  Mylasa (IACP no. 913) Kolophon/Old Kolophon (IACP no. 848) foreign judge proxenia (1); euergesia (1); politeia (1); praise (1); ateleia (1); proedria (1); (other honours/comments: ateleia of the things which they control);
                      FD III 4 132-5 208 BC  Lilaia (IACP no. 185) koinon of the Western Lokrians (Athena Ilias, near Physkeis) military commander/mercenary proxenia (1); euergesia (1); politeia (1); asylia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: a mass grant of proxeny to mercenaries who had been sent for the defence of Lilaia by king Attalos of Pergamon, 211-208 BC );
                      ZPE 180 (2012), p.189 T13 f.iii BC  koinon of the Aitolians (Thermon) koinon of the Thessalians (Itonion)
                      • Apēmantos
                      		 proxenia (1); ateleia (1); enktesis (1);
                      SEG 18 183 f.iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) koinon of the Phokians (IACP p.399-402;Phokikon); koinon of the Phokians (IACP p.399-402;Phokikon) proxenia (1); ateleia (1); proedria (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                      Fouilles de Delphes III.3:207 f.iii BC  Delphi (IACP no. 177) koinon of the Phokians (IACP p.399-402;Phokikon); koinon of the Phokians (IACP p.399-402;Phokikon); Poteidaia/Kassandreia (IACP no. 598) proxenia (1); theorodokia (1); ateleia (1); asylia (1); proedria (1); prodikia (1); hereditary grant (1); all else given to proxenoi (1); (other honours/comments: Also: promanteia);
                      Hdt. 8.135 c.480 BC  Athens (IACP no. 361) koinon of the Macedonians/kingdom of Macedon king/tyrant/dynast proxenia (1);